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| settlement_type = Autonomous region | translit_lang1 = Name | translit_lang1_type = Chinese | translit_lang1_info = (Níngxià Huízú Zìzhìqū) | translit_lang1_type1 = Abbreviation | translit_lang1_info1 = | translit_lang1_type2 = Xiao'erjing | image_map = Ningxia in China (+all claims hatched).svg | mapsize = 275px | map_caption = | latd = |latm = |lats = |latNS = | longd = |longm = |longs = |longEW = | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_format = dms | named_for = / níng—tranquil xià—Western Xia "Tranquil Xia" | seat_type = Capital (and largest city) | seat = Yinchuan | parts_type = Divisions | parts_style = para | parts = | p1 = 5 prefectures | p2 = 21 counties | p3 = 219 townships | leader_title = Secretary | leader_name = Li Jianhua | leader_title1 = Governor | leader_name1 = Liu Hui | area_total_km2 = 66000 | area_rank = 27th | population_footnotes = | population_total = 6,301,350 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_rank = 29th | population_density_km2 = 89.1 | population_density_rank = 25th | demographics_type1 = Demographics | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Ethnic composition | demographics1_info1 = Han: 62% Hui: 34% Manchu: 0.4% | demographics1_title2 = Languages and dialects | demographics1_info2 = Lanyin Mandarin, Zhongyuan Mandarin | iso_code = CN-64 | blank_name_sec1 = GDP (2011) | blank_info_sec1 = CNY 206.0 billion US$ 32.7 billion (29th) | blank1_name_sec1 = - per capita | blank1_info_sec1 = CNY 26,860 US$ 3,968 (17th) | blank_name_sec2 = HDI (2010) | blank_info_sec2 = 0.674 (medium) (21st) | website = http://www.nx.gov.cn/ | footnotes = }} Ningxia (; pronounced ), officially the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China located in the northwest part of the country. Formerly a province, Ningxia was incorporated into Gansu in 1954 but was separated from Gansu in 1958 and was reconstituted as an autonomous region for the Hui people, one of the 56 officially recognised nationalities of China. Ningxia is bounded by Shaanxi to the east, Gansu to the south and west, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the north and has an area of around . This sparsely settled, mostly desert region lies partially on the Loess Plateau and in the vast plain of the Yellow River, and features the Great Wall of China along its northeastern boundary. Over the years an extensive system of canals has been built. Extensive land reclamation and irrigation projects have made increased cultivation possible. ==History== Ningxia and its surrounding areas were incorporated into the Qin Dynasty as early as the 3rd century BC. Throughout the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty there were several large cities established in the region. The Liang Province Rebellion at the end of the Han Dynasty affected Ningxia. By the 11th century the Tangut people had established the Western Xia Dynasty on the outskirts of the then-Song Dynasty. Jews also lived in Ningxia, as evidenced by the fact that, after a major flood destroyed Torah scrolls in Kaifeng, a replacement was sent to the Kaifeng Jews by the Ningbo and Ningxia Jewish communities.〔Xu Xin, ''The Jews of Kaifeng'', Ktav Publishing House, c. 2003.〕 It then came under Mongol domination after Genghis Khan conquered Yinchuan in the early 13th century. Muslims from Central Asia also began moving into Ningxia from the west. The Muslim Dungan Revolt of the 19th century affected Ningxia. In 1914, Ningxia was merged with the province of Gansu. However, in 1928 it was detached from Gansu and became a separate province. Between 1914 and 1928, the Xibei San Ma (literally "three Mas of the northwest") ruled the provinces of Qinghai, Ningxia and Gansu. Muslim Kuomintang General Ma Hongkui was the military governor of Ningxia and had absolute authority in the province. The Muslim conflict in Gansu, which lasted from 1927 to 1930, spilled over into Ningxia. From 1950 to 1958, a Kuomintang Islamic insurgency resulted in fighting throughout Northwest China, including Ningxia. In 1954, the Chinese government merged Ningxia with Gansu, but in 1958 Ningxia formally became an autonomous region of China. In 1969, Ningxia received a part of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, but this area was returned in 1979. A number of Chinese artifacts dating from the Tang dynasty and Song dynasty, some of which had been owned by Emperor Zhenzong, were excavated and then came into the hands of Ma Hongkui, who refused to publicize the findings. Among the artifacts were a white marble tablet from the Tang dynasty, gold nails, and bands made out of metal. It was not until after Ma died that his wife went to Taiwan in 1971 from America to bring the artifacts to Chiang Kai-shek, who turned them over to the Taipei National Palace Museum. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ningxia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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